非限制性同位语

非限制性同位语是英语中一种常见的修辞结构。它通常用来为名词或名词短语提供额外的信息,但不是必需的。非限制性同位语通常用逗号将其与主句分开。

名词(短语)充当同位语用来提供补充信息

  • Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。 
  • Beijing, the capital city of China, is located in the north. 北京,中国的首都,位于北方。
  • The train finally arrived and two young men — one big and broad,the other small and slight — stepped onto the platform. 火车终于到站,两位年轻人 —— 一位大个儿,体格魁梧;另一位,小个儿,长相瘦弱 —— 踏上了月台。 
  • They have everything they need: land, brains, wealth and technology. 他们有他们需要的一切:土地,人才,财富和枝术。 
  • He collected various old items at the flea market, old books, vintage toys, and rare playing cards.(他在跳蚤市场收集了各种老物品,旧书、复古玩具和稀有扑克牌。)

有些副词、代词、插入语,专门用于引导同位语来提供进一步解释

  • He excels in various subjects, namely mathematics, science, and computer programming.(他在多个科目中表现出色,即数学、科学和计算机编程。)
  • Some students, for example, John, live in the city. 有些学生,例如约翰吧,就住在城里。 
  • He is interested in sports, especially ball games. 他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动。
  • She has a wide range of interests, that is, art, music, and literature.(她兴趣广泛,也就是她热衷于艺术、音乐和文学。)
  • More than 20 people were killed, including five policemen. 超过20人丧生,其中包括5名警察。

形容词充当非限制性同位语

  • All the countries,big or small,are equal. 所有的国家,不分大小, 都是平等的。 
  • He has read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他看了各种和样的书,古今中外都有。 
  • He read all kinds of books, ancient and modem, Chinese and foreign. 他博览群书,古今中外都有。
  • The middle-aged man is a newly elected team leader, able, open, and sincere. 那位中年 人是新当选的队长,他能干,开明,真诚。
  • The weather, unpredictable and windy, can make outdoor plans challenging.(天气,变幻莫测并且有风,可能会使户外计划变得具有挑战性。)

同位语可以提前, 特别是主语比较短时,用于突出同位语

  • Two grain crops a year-rice and wheat- are grown on most of the land. 大部分土地一年有两季收成,一季水稻,一季小麦。
  • Only one problem still remains——the storage of the grain. 只剩下一个问题,那就是粮食储存。
  • A person of French origin,he is now an American citizen. 他的籍贯在法国,但他现在是美国公民。 
  • Formerly a worker himself, he is now an engineer. 他过去是工人,现在是一名工程师了。
  • Air, food, water and heat-these are four requirements of all living things. 空气、食物、水和热源,这些是所有生物的四大必需品。

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *