动词不定式用法

动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等多种成分。以下是动词不定式在句子中的一些常见用法:

  • 作主语:动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放到谓语之后。例如:
    • To err is human. (犯错是人之常情。)
    • It’s important to learn English well. (学好英语很重要。)
  • 作宾语:动词不定式可以作及物动词的宾语,也可以作介词的宾语以及形容词的宾语。例如:
    • I want to learn English. (我想学好英语。)
    • She is good at playing the piano. (她擅长弹钢琴。)
    • I’m sorry to have lost your key. (很抱歉我把你的钥匙弄丢了。)
  • 作表语:动词不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。例如:
    • His wish is to become an astronaut. (他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。)
    • The question is how to do the job well. (问题是如何把工作做好。)
  • 作定语:动词不定式可以修饰名词或代词,充当定语。例如:
    • The best way to learn English is to practice more. (学好英语的最佳方法是多练习。)
    • The man to see is Mr. Smith. (要见的人是史密斯先生。)
  • 作补语:动词不定式可以充当及物动词的宾补或形容词的表补。例如:
    • I want you to help me with my homework. (我希望你能帮我做作业。)
    • I’m glad to hear that you passed the exam. (听说你通过了考试,我很高兴。)
  • 作状语:动词不定式可以修饰谓语动词,充当状语。例如:
    • He came here to see you. (他来这里是为了见你。)
    • She left home without saying goodbye. (她离家出走时没有说再见。)
  • 插入语:动词不定式可以用于插入句中,表示说话人的态度或感情色彩等。例如:
    • To be honest, I don’t like him very much. (说实话,我并不太喜欢他。)
    • To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked.(说实话,我不喜欢他说话的方式。)

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