五种基本句型

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。这五种基本句型如下:

  1. S V (主+谓):主语+谓语,例如:
    • The cat is sleeping.(猫在睡觉。)
    • They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
    • She sings beautifully. 她唱歌很好。
    • They play soccer every weekend. 他们每个周末都踢足球。
  2. S V P (主+系+表):主语+系动词+表语,例如:
    • He looks happy.(他看起来很高兴。)
    • The soup smells delicious.
    • The weather is sunny today.
    • The movie was boring.
  3. S V O (主+谓+宾):主语+谓语+宾语,例如:
    • I like chocolate.(我喜欢巧克力。)
    • She bought a new car.
    • He reads books every day.
    • They ate pizza for dinner.
  4. S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾):主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,例如:
    • She cooked her husband a delicious meal.(她为丈夫做了一顿美味的饭菜。)
    • He gave me a book. 他给了我一本书。
    • She showed him the way to the station. 她给他指了去车站的路。
    • They bought their son a new bike. 他们给儿子买了一辆新自行车。
  5. S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补):主语+谓语+宾语+宾补,例如:He made me happy.(他让我感到快乐。)
    • She found the movie interesting.
    • He painted the wall red.
    • They elected him president.

以上是英文句子的基本结构。在英文句子中,还有其他成分如定语、状语、同位语等。这些成分可以用来修饰或解释基本句型。

定语:

  • The old man with a cane and a hat is walking slowly on the street.(拄着拐杖、戴着帽子的老人在街上缓慢地走着。)
  • The book that I read last night was very interesting.(我昨晚读的那本书非常有趣。)
  • The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(穿着红色裙子的女孩是我的妹妹。)

状语:

  • She speaks English fluently.(她英语说得很流利。)
  • He ran quickly to catch the bus.(他快速地跑去赶公交车。)
  • They sang the song beautifully.(他们漂亮地唱了这首歌。)

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