各时态被动语态

被动语态构成

  • 一般现在时:am/is/are + 过去分词。例如:
    • He is praised by his teacher.(他被老师表扬了。)
    • They are invited to the party.(他们被邀请参加聚会。)
  • 一般过去时:was/were + 过去分词。例如:
    • The window was broken by a stone.(窗户被石头打破了。)
    • The cake was made by her.(蛋糕是她做的。)
  • 一般将来时:will be + 过去分词。例如:
    • The book will be published next month.(这本书将于下个月出版。)
    • He will be given a gift.(他将会被给予一份礼物。)
  • 现在进行时:am/is/are + being + 过去分词。例如:
    • The house is being painted by them.(房子正在被他们粉刷。)
    • The letter is being written by me.(信正在被我写。)
  • 过去进行时:was/were + being + 过去分词。例如:
    • The car was being washed by him.(车正在被他洗。)
    • The flowers were being watered by her.(花正在被她浇水。)
  • 现在完成时:have/has + been + 过去分词。例如:
    • The homework has been finished by him.(作业已经被他完成了。)
    • The movie has been watched by her.(电影已经被她看过了。)
  • 过去完成时:had + been + 过去分词。例如:
    • The letter had been sent by him before I arrived.(信在我到达之前就已经被他寄出了。)
    • The cake had been eaten by them when I came back.(蛋糕在我回来的时候已经被他们吃完了。)

被动语态用法

  • 当需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态,这时往往用by短语来表示动作的执行者。例如:
    • The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world.(长城被世界各地的数百万人所欣赏。)
    • English is widely spoken in the world now.(英语现在在世界上广泛使用。)
  • 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。例如:
    • The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.(昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。)
    • They have been poorly paid.(他们的工资太低。)
  • 当说话人需要强调客观时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。例如:
    • The problem is dealt with now.(问题现在正在处理。)
    • Mr.Wang is invited to the meeting today.(王先生今天被邀请参加会议。)
  • 在英语中,有一类句型往往形式上会采用被动语态,其结构为:It is/was+done+that从句(句中的that从句是主语从句,it是形式主语)。例如:
    • It is said that he is a famous writer.(据说他是一位著名的作家。)
    • It was decided that we would go to the park.(我们决定去公园。)

在英语语法中,“get被动式”表示在句子或从句中,主语承受动词的动作,其形式为“get+过去分词”。与传统的被动语态不同,get被动语态在口语中比书面语中应用更为普遍。

  • They got killed.(他们被杀了。)
  • The tourist got robbed.(这个游客被抢了。)
  • They got promoted.(他们得到了晋升。)
  • The tourist got paid.(这个游客得到了报酬。)

请注意,“get”被动语态通常用于没有施事者的结构,强调主语而非施事者,强调所发生的事情对主语的影响。

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