条件虚拟语气

条件虚拟语气用于表达假设情况下的结果,通常由if引导,分为三种 类型:与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句和与将来事反的虚拟条件句。

虚拟条件句结构

时态条件从句主句
与现在事实相反if + 动词过去式(be 用 were)would / could / might / should + 动词原形
与过去事实相反if + had + 过去分词would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词
与将来事实相反if + should / were to + 动词原形would / could / might / should + 动词原形

虚拟条件句用法

  • 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,用来表达说话人对现在的情况不满意,或者想象一种不可能或不太可能发生的情况。例如:
    • If I were you, I would study hard. (如果我是你,我会努力学习。) 这句话表示说话人认为对方没有努力学习,或者说话人想象自己处于对方的位置。
    • If he loved her, he would marry her. (如果他爱她,他就会娶她。) 这句话表示说话人认为他不爱她,或者说话人想象一种不太可能发生的情况。
  • 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,用来表达说话人对过去的事情后悔、遗憾、责备等,或者想象一种本来可以发生但没有发生的情况。例如:
    • If I had studied harder, I could have passed the exam. (如果我学习更努力,我本可以通过考试的。) 这句话表示说话人没有通过考试,而且觉得自己没有学习努力。
    • If you had told me earlier, I would have helped you. (如果你早点告诉我,我就会帮你的。) 这句话表示说话人没有帮助对方,而且觉得对方没有及时告诉自己。
  • 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,用来表达说话人对将来的事情不确定、怀疑、担心等,或者想象一种不太可能发生的情况。例如:
    • If it should rain tomorrow, we might cancel the picnic. (如果明天下雨,我们可能会取消野餐。) 这句话表示说话人对明天的天气不确定,或者说话人想象一种不利的情况。
    • If he were to win the lottery, he would buy a big house. (如果他中了彩票,他就会买一栋大房子。) 这句话表示说话人认为他中彩票的可能性很小,或者说话人想象一种幸运的情况。

当if条件句中的谓语动词是系动词were、助动词had或should时,我们可以将if省略,并将were、had或should移至主语前,形成倒装结构。例如:

  • 现在虚拟句:
    • Were I you, I would buy that car.(如果我是你,我会买那辆车。)
    • Had he more time, he would finish the project.(如果他有更多时间,他会完成这个项目。)
  • 过去虚拟句:
    • Had I known about the party, I would have gone.(如果我知道了聚会的事情,我就会去了。)
    • Had she studied harder, she would have passed the exam.(如果她学得更努力,她就能通过考试。)
  • 将来虚拟句:
    • Should it rain tomorrow, we won’t go to the beach.(如果明天下雨,我们就不去海滩了。)
    • Should he win the lottery, he will travel around the world.(如果他中了彩票,他就会周游世界。)

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *