反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词。它通过反身代词指代主语,使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此,反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性质、数上保持一致。反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称人称代词宾格形式,词尾加self或selves组成。反身代词可译为“本人”、“本身”,为加强语气,也常译为“亲自”、“自己”。
人称代词 | 反身代词 |
---|---|
I | myself |
you | yourself/yourselves |
he | himself |
she | herself |
it | itself |
we | ourselves |
they | themselves |
反身代词的用法:
- 作动词的直接宾语,表示动作的承受者是主语本身。例如:
- I hurt myself.(我伤了自己。)
- She cut herself with a knife.(她用刀割伤了自己。)
- They injured themselves in the accident.(他们在事故中受伤了。)
- 作动词的间接宾语,表示动作的受益者是主语本身。例如:
- He bought himself a new car.(他给自己买了一辆新车。)
- She made herself a cup of tea.(她给自己泡了一杯茶。)
- We treated ourselves to a nice meal.(我们给自己享受了一顿美餐。)
- 作介词的宾语,表示介词所指的对象是主语本身。例如:
- He did it by himself.(他是靠自己做的。)
- She locked herself in the room.(她把自己锁在房间里。)
- They kept themselves busy.(他们让自己忙碌起来。)
- 用于强调主语或宾语,表示强调的对象是主语本身。例如:
- I myself saw it.(我亲眼看到了。)
- She herself said so.(她自己说过的。)
- They themselves admitted their mistake.(他们自己承认了错误。)