英语词类是指英语单词的语法类别,根据用法特征,可以分为十类。分别是名词,代词,动词,形容词,副词,数词,连词,介词,冠词,感叹词。不同的词类有不同的用法和功能。
英语词类又可以分为实词和虚词两大类。实词能够单独充当句法成分或大多充当句子的主要成分,有词汇意义和语法意义。虚词不能在句子中独立担任任何成分,只能与其它词搭配使用,没有词汇意义,只有语法意义。 实词包括名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词,虚词包括连词、介词、冠词、感叹词。
英语词类表
词类 | 英文名称 | 例词 | 用法 |
---|---|---|---|
名词 | noun | book, dog, love 书,狗,爱 | 作主语、宾语、定语、表语等 |
代词 | pronoun | he, they, mine, who 他,他们,我的,谁 | 代替名词或其它成分,避免重复 |
动词 | verb | run, eat, be, have 跑,吃,是,有 | 表示动作、状态、存在、关系等 |
形容词 | adjective | big, happy, good, red 大,快乐,好,红 | 修饰名词或代词,表示性质或特征 |
副词 | adverb | quickly, very, well, here 很快,非常,好,这里 | 修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,表示程度、方式、地点、时间等 |
数词 | numeral | one, two, first, second 一,二,第一,第二 | 表示数量或顺序 |
连词 | conjunction | and, but, because, if 和,但是,因为,如果 | 连接词、短语或句子,表示逻辑关系 |
介词 | preposition | in, on, at, with 在…里面,在…上面,在,与…一起 | 介绍名词或代词与其他成分的关系 |
冠词 | article | a, an, the 不定冠词,不定冠词,定冠词 | 修饰名词,表示泛指或特指 |
感叹词 | interjection | oh, wow, ouch, hello 哦,哇,哎呀,你好 | 表示情感或语气 |
book, dog, love 书,狗,爱
- I love reading books about dogs.(我喜欢读关于狗的书。)
- She bought a book for her dog’s birthday.(她为她的狗买了一本书作为生日礼物。)
- He loves his dog more than anything.(他爱他的狗胜过一切。)
- The dog chewed up the book and made a mess.(狗咬烂了书,弄得一团糟。)
- They found a book that teaches how to love dogs.(他们找到了一本教如何爱狗的书。)
he, they, mine, who 他,他们,我的,谁
- He is a friend of mine.(他是我的一个朋友。)
- They are the ones who helped me.(他们是帮助我的人。)
- This is mine, not yours.(这是我的,不是你的。)
- Who is he talking to?(他在和谁说话?)
run, eat, be, have
- He runs every morning to keep fit.(他每天早上跑步保持健康。)
- She eats a lot of fruits and vegetables.(她吃了很多水果和蔬菜。)
- They are happy with their lives.(他们对自己的生活很满意。)
- I have a question for you.(我有一个问题要问你。)
big, happy, good, red
- He has a big smile on his face.(他脸上露出了大大的笑容。)
- She is happy to see you.(她很高兴见到你。)
- You did a good job.(你做得很好。)
- The apple is red and juicy.(苹果又红又多汁。)
quickly, very, well, here
- He quickly ran to the bus stop.(他快速地跑到了公交车站。)
- She is very smart and talented.(她非常聪明有才华。)
- They speak English well.(他们说英语说得很好。)
- Here is your coffee.(这是你的咖啡。
one, two, first, second
- He has one brother and two sisters.(他有一个哥哥和两个姐妹。)
- She came in first in the race.(她在比赛中获得了第一名。)
- I’ll be there in a second.(我马上就到。)
- This is the second time he has called me today.(这是他今天第二次给我打电话了。)
and, but, because, if
- He likes apples and oranges.(他喜欢苹果和橙子。)
- She wanted to go out, but it was raining.(她想出去,但是下雨了。)
- He studied hard because he wanted to pass the exam.(他努力学习,因为他想通过考试。)
- If you need any help, just let me know.(如果你需要任何帮助,只要告诉我。)
in, on, at, with
- He lives in Canada.(他住在加拿大。)
- She put the book on the table.(她把书放在桌子上。)
- He works at a bank.(他在银行工作。)
- She went to the movies with her friends.(她和她的朋友去看电影了。)
a, an, the
- He has a dog.(他有一只狗。)
- She is an artist.(她是一个艺术家。)
- The sky is blue.(天空是蓝色的。)
oh, wow, ouch, hello
- Oh, I didn’t know that.(哦,我不知道那个。)
- Wow, that’s amazing.(哇,那太棒了。)
- Ouch, that hurts.(哎哟,好疼。)
- Hello, nice to meet you.(你好,很高兴认识你。)