定语从句

定语从句是形容词性从句，用来修饰主句中的名词或代词。其作用相当于定语，故称定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。定语从句一般紧随它所修饰的先行词之后，并由关系代词或关系副词引导。

限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句用于限定或说明其所修饰的词的范围或性质等。从句与先行词关系密切，如果省略的话则会造成主句意义不完整。先行词在定语从句中充当某个语法成份(如充当主语、宾语，定语或状语等)。

• 关系代词引导的定语从句
  • 由 that 引导的定语从句：that 可以指人或物。 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语， 作宾语或表语时可以省略。
    • The teacher that teaches us math is quite nice. 教我们数学的老师非常友好。
    • You are the person that I want to see. 你就是我想见的人。
    • She is no longer the girl that she was ten years ago. 她不再是十年前的那个女孩了。
    • She told us about the things and people that she met with during her journey. 她告诉我们她在旅途中遇到的事物和人。
    • I don’t like the way that you speak to your parents. 我不喜欢你对父母说话的方式。
  • 由 which 引导的定语从句：which 指物， 在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
    • I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。 
    • That was a fault which could not be forgiven. 那是不能饶恕的错误。 
    • The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的书非常有趣。）
    • The house which we visited last week is very old.（我们上周参观的房子非常古老。）
    • The girl which you met at the party is my sister.（你在聚会上遇到的那个女孩是我妹妹。）
  • 由 who 引导的定语从句
    • The man who I met yesterday is a doctor.（我昨天遇到的那个男人是一名医生。）
    • The girl who is singing is my sister.（正在唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹。）
    • The student who is answering the question is John.（正在回答问题的那个学生是约翰。）
    • Anybody who breaks the laws will be punished.（任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚）
    • The teacher who teaches us English is from the UK.（教我们英语的老师来自英国。）
  • 由 whom 引导的定语从句
    • The man whom she saw didn’t matter. 她看见了谁不重要。
    • I know whom he loves. 我知道他爱谁。
    • What I care most is whom he loves best. 我最关心的是他最爱谁。
    • He didn’t answer the question whom he got help from. 他没有回答他得到谁的帮助的问题。
    • Mother is the person whom he misses most. 母亲是他最想念的人。
  • 由 whose引导的定语从句
    • The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.（车被盗的那个男人向警方报案了。）
    • The company whose products are popular is expanding its business.（产品受欢迎的那家公司正在扩大业务。）
    • The girl whose mother is a doctor wants to be a doctor too.（那个女孩的母亲是一名医生，她也想成为一名医生。）
    • The book whose author won the Nobel Prize is worth reading.（作者获得诺贝尔奖的那本书值得一读。）
    • The dog whose tail was injured is recovering well.（尾巴受伤的那只狗正在康复中。）
• 关系副词引导的定语从句
  • 由when 引导的定语从句
    • The day when I met you was the happiest day of my life.（我遇见你的那一天是我一生中最幸福的日子。）
    • The moment when she saw him, she knew he was the one.（她看到他的那一刻，就知道他就是那个人。）
    • The time when we first met was in Paris.（我们第一次见面的时间是在巴黎。）
    • The year when he graduated from college was 2010.（他大学毕业的那一年是2010年。）
    • The night when we watched the meteor shower was unforgettable.（我们观看流星雨的那个晚上是难以忘怀的。）
  • 由 where 引导的定语从句
    • The place where I was born is a small town in the countryside. (我出生的地方是一个乡村小镇。)
    • This is the hotel where we stayed last year. (这是我们去年住过的酒店。)
    • The school where my sister teaches is located in the city center. (我姐姐教书的学校位于市中心。)
    • The museum where we visited yesterday was very interesting. (我们昨天参观的博物馆非常有趣。)
    • The park where we had a picnic last weekend is near the river. (我们上周末野餐的公园靠近河边。)
  • 由 why 引导的定语从句
    • The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus. (他迟到的原因是错过了公交车。)
    • The reason why she is upset is that she failed the exam. (她不高兴的原因是考试没通过。)
    • The reason why they broke up is that they had different goals in life. (他们分手的原因是生活目标不同。)
    • We can’t accept the excuse why you were absent. 我们无法接受你缺席的借口。 
    • This is the explanation why they put off the meeting. 这是他们为何推迟会议的解释。