主语从句是一种常见的句子结构,用作句子的主语。下面我将介绍主语从句的三种类型以及一些特殊用法。
从属连词引导的主语从句:
- That引导
- That he can speak fluent English surprises us.(他会讲流利的英语让我们很惊讶)。
- “That he likes books of this kind is very interesting”(他喜欢这类书很有趣)。
- “That she used to be a spy is known to all”(大家都知道,她过去是个间谍)。
- Whether引导
- Whether she will come here is unknown.(她是否会来这里是未知的)。
- Whether it will rain tomorrow is still uncertain. (明天是否会下雨仍不确定)
- Whether he will come to the party or not is still a mystery. (他是否会来参加聚会仍是个谜)
- if引导(if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾,前面需用it作形式主语。)
- It is unknown if he has agreed to my plan. 不知道他是否已同意我的计划。
- It is a different matter if we need it. 我们是否需要它是另一回事。
连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句:
- Who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever引导:
- Who loves you is OK”(谁爱你都行)。
- What she did makes us unhappy”(他做的事儿让我们不开心)。
- Whoever wins the race will get a trophy. (无论谁赢得比赛都会得到奖杯)
- Which book you choose is up to you. (你选择哪本书由你决定)
- Whichever route you take, it will take you to the same destination. (无论你选择哪条路线,都会带你到同一个目的地)
- Where, when, how, why引导
- Where you stay is my home(你呆的地方是我家)。
- When they will arrive at the station doesn’t matter(他们何时到站没有什么关系)
- How the accident happened is still unknown(这场事故是怎么发生的,还不清楚)。
- Why he was absent from the meeting remains a mystery(他为什么没有参加会议仍然是个谜)。
特殊用法:
- 主语从句可以使用“it”作为形式上的主语,将真正的主语后置。
- “It is true that he won the match”(他赢得了比赛是真的)。
- “It is a pity that she missed the last bus”(很遗憾她错过了末班车)。
- “It is said that she has divorced”(据说她已经离婚了)。
- “It happened that I was not at home that day”(碰巧我那天不在家)。
- “It doesn’t matter whether you will work or not”(你是否上班都不要紧)。
- “It makes no difference where you work”(你在哪里上班毫无区别)。
其他注意事项:
- 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句或感叹句中时,要以“it”作为形式主语,而把主语从句后置。例如:
- “Is it true that you will come back home?”(你要回家是真的吗?)
- “How strange it is that you give up such a good job!”(你放弃了如此好的工作真奇怪!)
- 注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义。例如:
- “Whoever comes is OK”(谁来都行)。
- “Whatever you did was right”(你做什么都是对的)。