非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等多种成分。非谓语动词一般有三种形式:不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)、分词(done)。这些形式有各自的特征和用法。
语法 | 主动式 | 被动式 | 可充当句子成分 |
---|---|---|---|
不定式 | to do, to be doing, to have done, to have been doing | to be done, to have been done | 主语,宾语,表语,定语,补语,状语,插入语 |
动名词 | doing, having done | being done, having been done | 主语,宾语,表语,定语 |
现在分词 | doing, having done | being done, having been done | 表语,定语,补语,状语,插入语 |
过去分词 | done | done | 表语,定语,补语,状语,插入语 |